Electromagnetic Induction (Health and Lifestyle)

Electromagnetic Induction

When a current-carrying coil is placed in a magnetic field, there is force acting on the coil. In fact, an induced e.m.f or electromotive force is produced in a conductor which experiences a change of the magnetic field. An induced current flows through the conductor if it is connected in a closed circuit. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.

Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electrical potential difference (or voltage) or an induced e.m.f. in a conductor or across a conductor situated in a changing magnetic flux or when there is a change in magnetic flux linked with the conductor.


Concept of Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday’s Law state that the strength of the induced e.m.f is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux.




Faraday's Magnetic Field Induction Experiment

When Michael Faraday made his discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831, he hypothesized that a changing magnetic field is necessary to induce a current in a nearby circuit. To test his hypothesis he made a coil by wrapping a paper cylinder with wire. He connected the coil to a galvanometer, and then moved a magnet back and forth inside the cylinder. When you move the magnet back and forth, notice that the galvanometer needle moves, indicating that a current is induced in the coil. Notice also that the needle immediately returns to zero when the magnet is not moving. Faraday confirmed that a moving magnetic field is necessary in order for electromagnetic induction to occur.



In this picture an ammeter is connected in the circuit of a conducting loop. When the bar magnet is moved closer to, or farther from the loop, an electromotive force (e.m.f) is induced in the loop. The ammeter indicates currents in different directions depending on the relative motion of magnet and loop. Notice that, when the magnet stops moving, the current returns to zero as indicated by the ammeter.

Lenz’s Law

The direction of the induced current is determined by Lenz’s Law which states that the induced current always flows in the direction in such a way that it opposes the change that produces it.


HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

Magnetic Field Pattern (Health and Lifestyle)

Magnetic Field Pattern

The magnetic field patterns for two magnets with unlike poles facing each other



The magnetic field patterns for two magnets with like poles facing each other . At the neutral point the magnetic fields cancel out each other and the magnitude of resultant magnetic field is zero




The magnetic field patterns between two flat magnadur magnets.


HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

Magnetic Forces (Health and Life Style)

Magnetic Force


The paper clips are attracted to both magnetic poles of a magnet.

If you suspend a bar magnet by a string from its centre, the magnet points in a north-south direction.





Like poles repel each other.



Unlike poles attract each other.



Concept of Magnetic Field

A magnet produces a magnetic field in the space around it. If another magnet is placed in the field, it experienced a magnetic force. We can represent a magnetic field with magnetic field lines. Magnetic field lines run from the magnetic north pole to the magnetic South Pole.

The Density of magnetic field lines represents by magnitude of magnetic field
stronger field - field lines are closer together
weaker field - field lines are further apart


Visualizing Magnetic Field

We can visualize magnetic field lines using iron filings.



We can also visualize magnetic field lines using a number of plotting compasses.Needle of a compass experience the magnetic forces.

HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

The Best Way to Prevent Swine Flu (Health and Lifestyle)

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

Nowadays, Swine flu is fast becoming a hot topic in the world. Swine flu or H1N1 is no different to normal flu, just more infectious. Whether you choose to call it Influenza A, Swine Influenza, or Swine Flu, you probably have some questions about the risks of you and your family. Swine flu is dreadful, and it can be dangerous if somebody have a lung problem, obesity, and pregnancy.

The more people talk about this issue and the more cases that pop up in communities close to home. The questions and answers will probably change over the course of the next few weeks as health authorities learn more about the different strains of Swine Flu that are affecting many countries. Prevention will be the solution to defeating swine flu and here are some techniques to help do that.

You can catch Swine Flu or any flu virus if you are standing within three feet of an uncovered cough or sneeze and droplets make contact with you. All flues are spread by droplets that spray out as a person sneezes or coughs. So, learn about the symptoms of swine flu and avoid anyone who has the symptoms.

Wash your hands often to protect against germ free. According to the Center for Disease Control, the best way to do that is to wash them systematically and often with anti-bacterial soap. If soap is unavailable use an alcohol based hand sanitizing gel.

Keep your body in good health and stop eating so much junk food. Make sure you are getting enough trace minerals because without trace minerals, your body can catch anything quickly. Throughout trace minerals, you have more protection, very high amount of protection.

In the end, by combining the following steps it can help to decrease the possibility of transmission. These actions include covering coughs, frequent hand-washing, having ill persons stay home except to seek medical care, and minimize contact with others in the household. If used correctly, facemasks and respirators may help reduce the risk of getting influenza, but they should be used along with other preventive measures, such as avoiding close contact and maintaining good hand hygiene.

SWINE FLU SYMPTOMS

How to Identify the Symptoms of Swine Flu H1N1 (Health and Lifestyle)

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

By Jennifer Kirkman

The first thing you may notice with the Swine Flu symptoms is that you will have a fever.Medical professionals have named the word fever, as pyrexia. A low grade fever may not necessarily mean that you do indeed, have Swine Flu. But if you are having some of these other symptoms in your body that I will continue to describe below, this could indicate the onset of the illness. Did you realize that part of the brain, the hypothalamus, is the temperature control system of our bodies? Therefore, it may be accompanied by chills you may have, along with very sore bones/and or muscles. Also, when the blood vessels vessels may be effected as well. This in turn, means that the heart may beat quicker then normal.

The second symptom that may stand out is coughing. The cough you are having may be really deep into the chest or not very bothersome. I have rwad that this Swine Flu seems to favor the lungs in a person. Along with a cough, you may also be experiencing a throat that feels as though you have a throat infection or strep. If you are feeling as though you have a throat accompanied by a cough, see your doctor for a throat and chest examination to determine exactly what is going on.

A third symptom you may be experiencing is a nauseated feeling and unable to hold your food down very well. You may also feel like running to the bathroom with diarrheal symptoms that can be very severe for some people and mild for others.

The fourth symptom you may or may not experience with Swine Flu is head pain that feels more like a migraine type of a headache. This again, is brought on by the blood vessels that are tight due to this illness. Since your body is working hard to rid itself of the Swine infection, this is a common part of the illness.

The fifth prominent symptom you may be feeling quite intensely is an exhaustion all over the body or an unrelenting fatigue. This fatigue may cause you the inability to function at all, along with feeling like just sleeping all the time.

And finally,the sixth symptom you may have all the time is vertigo. Vertigo is the medical terminology for a dizzy feeling in the body. If you don not usually have vertigo for another medical reason, it is definitely something you need to look into quickly, and especially if you are having these other classic symptomatologies I have mentioned here.

Jennifer Kirkman is the owner of many websites, two of the main ones are http://www.diabetesandrelatedhealthissues.com, and also http://www.dietplansandweightloss.com Visit these sites for much more information on diabetes and diabetes problems, and proper nutrition.

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H1N1 SYMPTOMS

Cancer and Lifestyle Changes - Are You Brave Enough? (Health and Lifestyle)

HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

By Rita Goldman

One of the reasons that the number of cancer suffers has increased is the fact that many more people undergo routine screening and early detection has increased the number of sufferers. Health care workers estimate that the USA has ten million cancer sufferers, which represents a figure between three and four percent of the population. However it is expected that in the next ten years the proportion will increase as more people are getting older and more people survive cancer.

However, it does not alter the fact that cancer survivors have a greater risk for developing serious conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and osteoporosis as well as secondary cancers. This is likely to be both a result of lifestyle and genetic risk factors. As a general rule, physical exercise, eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables and reducing a fat and sugar intake will offer significant protection against most serious conditions. Interestingly recent research has indicated that increasing the amount of exercise reduce the risk of secondary breast cancers. A low fat diet is widely regarded as a preventative measure against secondary breast cancer in post menopausal women.

Yet the fact is that most cancer patients do not significantly alter their lifestyle after being cured. Most of the breast cancer risk factors described is related to a woman's exposure to estrogens including early menstruation, late menopause which increases the total amount of monthly cycles. Risks are reduced when a woman has an early first birth and an early menopause. The relationship of body fatness to breast cancer risk is ambiguous; it is probable that post menopausal breast cancer has a direct link with both weight gain especially abdominal weight gain and also a lack of physical activity. There is a suggestion that there is an increased risk of breast cancer for women who smoke in early adolescence.

In 2005 by Holmes MD, Chen WY, Feskanich D, Kroenke CH, Colditz GA studied 2987 women diagnosed with stage I, II or III breast cancer they found that an increase in exercise reduced the amount of deaths from cancer. The most improvement was found in those women that walked for between three and five hours a week. Results were positive from a study by Pierce JP, Stefanick ML, Flatt SW et al (2007) entitled Greater survival after breast cancer in physically active women with high vegetable-fruit intake regardless of obesity; indicated that the combination of consuming at least five servings of fresh vegetables or fruits and increasing their physical activity to at least half an hour a day for six days a week increased the number of women who survived estrogen positive receptor tumors. However other studies have not reported a difference.

In women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, studies have shown a positive link between treatment failure and high intakes of fat, both saturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. The fresh start trial studied newly diagnosed breast and prostate cancer patients, and it found that directly mailing patients encouraged a healthy lifestyle including eating less fat, more fruit and vegetables, than other conventional methods. Although this is in tune with psychological cognitive behavioral patterns, it needs more research to observe results (Demark-Wahnefried W, Clipp EC, Lipkus IM et al (2007). More research is needed because it would indicate the fact that newly diagnosed cancer patients have sufficient fear to make meaningful changes in their way of life it is no means certain that all health care staff promote such changes.

As isolated as you may feel right now, you are not alone. Cancer diagnosis is no longer the end of the story. Cancer survivors prove every day that this can be the beginning of a whole new positive chapter in your life. Join our unique community of cancer survivors to be right
now and receive a FREE report on Cancer Survivor's tips.

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HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

What Causes Sensitive Teeth (Health and Lifestyle)

When tooth enamel is lost or when gums recede, the inner layer of the tooth called dentine maybe exposed! Dentine is made of thousands of microscopic tubes that lead to the nerves deep inside the tooth. Cold, heat and sugar cause the fluid movement in the dentine which stimulates nerves and resulting in pain.

Dentine will exposed by the following factors :-
1. Gum diseases
2. Abnormal grinding of teeth
3. Brushing too hard near the gums
4. Acid erosion of protective enamel

How can to stop the pain?

Well, you could switch to Sensodyne or colgate toothpaste. If that doesn't work, try Crest sensitivity. Use a toothbrush with soft bristles. Your toothbrush should be changed regularly. Splayed bristles are less effective in removing dental plaque and debris from the teeth. They may even injure the gums. If that doesn't work then go to your dentist and see if you have gum recession and root exposure. There are treatments such as fluoride varnish, hema, duraphat, just to name a few.

For more information...

http://www.sensodyne.com/
Colgate Oral Care & Dental Care Information

HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

Diabetes and Symptoms (Health and Lifestyle)

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition affecting the system whereby the pancreas stops producing insulin or produces too little or where the cells in your body are resistant to the insulin that pancreas produces.

What is insulin?
Insulin is the hormone which unlocks the cells in your body and allows sugar (glucose) in your blood to be used at once or to be stored away to be used later on.

Symptoms
1. Excessive tiredness
2. Recurrent infections
3. Dehydration and excessive thirst
4. Cut and wounds may be very slow to heal
5. Weight loss
6. A need to frequently go to the toilet
7. Itching in the genital area or frequent episodes of thrush.

There are two main types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Each type of diabetes has different causes so they are treated differently. As the causes are closely related the symptoms are very similar.

Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the insulin producing cells in the pancreas are damaged. Thus the pancreas eventually stops producing any insulin yet. Basically, it affects young people, although it can occur at any age and can develop very quickly over a short space of time. It is controlled with insulin injections. The amount of insulin you need is balanced against levels of sugar in your blood.

Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the cells in your body are resistant to the affects of insulin and your pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin. It develops slowly and gradually over a long period of time, so the symptoms may not be noticed and the condition often goes undiagnosed. This type usually found in middle aged or elderly people, but it is increasingly being diagnosed in early adulthood and sometimes in childhood. It generally runs in families and is particularly prevalent in certain ethnic groups. It can sometimes be treated with diet and exercise. If that is not enough to control it, you will be given tablets or you may need to move on to insulin injections.

HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

Perbandingan petrol RON95 dan RON97 (Comparison between RON 95 and RON97)

RON95 or RON97

Baru-baru ini kerajaan telah mengumumkan petrol RON95 akan dijual mulai 1 September 2009 bagi menggantikan petrol RON92 yang ditamatkan penggunaan kerana penggunaan petrol RON92 hanya melibatkan lima peratus jualan di negara ini. Harga petrol RON95 telah ditetapkan pada harga RM 1.80 seliter manakala petrol RON97 yang dijadikan produk premium telah dinaikkan harga kepada RM 2.05 berbanding RM 1.80 sebelum ini.

Antara alasan petrol RON95 diperkenalkan adalah selaras dengan spesifikasi EURO2M di mana ia boleh mengurangkan pencemaran dan pengguna akan memperoleh produk berkualiti pada harga yang disubsidi. Namun begitu, sejauh mana keberkesanan dan kecekapan serta kualiti petrol RON95 ia bergantung kepada pengguna kenderaan.

Ruangan ini memberi peluang kepada anda untuk menyatakan pendapat serta komen bagi membincangkan isu di atas. Adakah harga yang ditetapkan sesuai dengan kecekapan petrol tersebut.

Apakah RON?

RON ialah akronim bagi ‘Research Octane Number’ atau nombor oktana penyelidikan. Ia merupakan ukuran bagi sifat pembakaran petrol. Nombor 95 dan 97 mewakili nilai RON yang minimum bagi sesuatu petrol agar ‘ketukan enjin’ dapat dicegah. Ketukan enjin berlaku apabila petrol terbakar secara pra matang sebelum dinyalakan oleh palam pencucuh. Ini mengakibatkan ketukan yang akan menyebabkan sesuatu enjin kehilangan kuasa. Dengan menggunakan petrol yang mempunyai nilai RON minimum yang bersesuaian dengan keperluan kenderaan anda, sepertimana yang telah disyorkan oleh pengeluar enjin kenderaan anda, anda memastikan pembakaran berlaku tepat pada masanya lantas mengelakkan berlakunya fenomena ketukan enjin.

Manual kenderaan anda seharusnya menyatakan nilai RON minimum petrol yang perlu digunakan. Ada kalanya, maklumat ini turut dicatatkan pada atau di sekeliling penutup tangki petrol anda. Sekiranya anda tidak pasti, rujuklah dengan pengedar rasmi atau pengeluar enjin kenderaan anda, ataupun dengan merujuk kepada mekanik bertauliah.

Untuk mengetahui dengan lebih banyak kaedah penjimatan petrol sila rujuk..

http://everydrop.shell.com.my/


Did You Know What RON Is?

"RON stands for Research Octane Number. Octane number or octane rating refers to the gasoline ability to withstand auto ignition (knocking) inside the engine. Higher octane number refers to higher ability of the oil to fight auto ignition. Simply say, it means that RON95 is harder to ignite compared to RON92 or RON97 is harder to burn compared to RON95.
Higher octane number oil is mostly designed for top performance cars such as sport cars and racing cars. This is to avoid premature burning of oil inside the engine."


A lot of people said that RON92 petrol is the older oil and it is only suitable for older cars only. And, there are also some said that RON92 petrol would make the engine dirty. As comparison, RON92 petrol is less powerful than RON95 and RON97. What do you opinion?

RON95 or RON97

What Are the Symptoms of Swine Flu, H1N1? (Health and Lifestyle)

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

By Nick Mutt

Swine flu (also known as swine influenza) is referred to as H1N1 virus of A type. This is the recent strain of flu which has affected people all around the world. This virus is a combined effect of bird flu, swine flu and human flu. This new strain is highly infectious and has become the most talked and seen news on television. It is a pandemic disease and people are really scared of it. H1N1 virus spreads out to other countries by way of people travelling from one country to another.

For the first time, humans have been exposed to this form of influenza and hence there is no specific medicine for this. This is the reason that has made the 2009 swine flu so dangerous. At present, there are no preventative drugs which can be taken so as to prevent it. Hence, children, elderly people and people who have a weak immune system should be cautious so that they do not get attacked by the flu. Swine flu was initially originated in Mexico and later the virus has spread all around the world. Cases of swine flu are starting to get visible in US. It has now been specifically renamed as H1N1 influenza or flu to avoid people thinking as it has some connection to pigs.

People with 65 years and older, children younger than five years old, pregnant women, and people with weak immune system are at higher risk of getting affected with swine flu virus. The symptoms of swine flu are similar to normal seasonal flu, so to make difference between them is a tough task.

The common symptoms are high fever and chills in the beginning, severe fatigue and body aches. Other symptoms like cough, cold, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, headache, weakness and general discomfort are also present. Some people experience diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

You are contagious if you have the above symptoms. So you should stay home unless you are going to hospital for treatment. It is important that you consult your physician for the swine flu tests if you notice any of these symptoms. If it is diagnosed in early stage, there is a good chance of making a quick recovery.

To prevent from getting in contact with the virus, cover your nose from a mask. If you have symptoms of cold or flu, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough and sneeze to prevent other people from getting infected. Wash your hands often with antibacterial soap. Avoid touching your nose, eyes or mouth since viruses spread that way fast. Avoid going to school, office or anywhere outside.

To learn more about H1N1 flu symptoms, prevention and treatment, you need to know complete information on H1N1 flu. Be sure to pick up the book on swine flu to keep yourself and your family away from this pandemic disease.

Get the complete information on swine flu symptoms, prevention and treatment through Swine Flu Books. Read simple and effective Influenza Home Remedies and herbal treatments.

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H1N1 SYMPTOMS

Keep Your Hands Clean To Protect Against Pandemic Influenza (Health and Life Style)

HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

Hi, please protect yourself against Influenza. In this articles, I like to list seven ways to wash your hands properly.

1. Lather hand with soap
2. Rub your palms
3. Rub each finger and between fingers
4. Scrub nails on palms
5. Rub back of hands and between fingers
6. Wash hands with sufficient clean water
7. Dry hands with clean cloth or tissue


What are the dangers laying on your hand?

1. INFLUENZA A that cause pneumonia.
2. CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE that cause colitis.
3. ESCHERICHIA COLI that cause nice things like diarrhea or urinary tract infections.
4. BETA STREPTOCOCCI GROUP A that cause a sore throat.
5. BACILLUS SPECIES that cause normal contaminate.

Therefore, don,t forget, always wash your hand to protect againts influenza.

HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

PROTECTION FROM SWINE FLU (Health and Lifestyle)

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

By Silas Davidson

Swine flu is possibly the biggest topic in the news today! Currently, it has been confirmed in Mexico, the United States, as well as around 70 other countries in Europe and other places. Even as I write this article, the first case has been discovered in South Africa! As of early June, the A(H1N1) flu strain (Swine Flu), has been declared a pandemic which is the first pandemic in 41 years! So far, this has amounted to over 140 deaths. The question is, how can you get protection?

Luckily, there are many ways to protect yourself. Recently, there has been a vaccination discovered, and medical officials are working to distribute it as much as possible. But while that can help a great deal, the best way would be just to stay as healthy as possible. Staying healthy is not that hard to do. For the most part, washing your hands every time they come in contact with something potentially harmful to your body will keep you pretty healthy. Your hands touch everything, and so does everyone. Almost everything you touch in a public place has been touched by thousands of people. If you don't wash your hands before you eat, you are taking these things in to your body.

The A(H1N1) Flu is a highly contagious disease that just keeps spreading. We all need to keep ourselves healthy and get protection from swine flu so that we don't expose those who could die from this disease. By following very simple steps, you can get the best protection there is, and you will never have to worry about having the Swine Flu or carrying it on to someone else again!

If you click on the link below, you'll be directed to my lens, where I will tell you all about a survival guide written by a former sailor who has been trained to avoid the swine flu, and a close to home book, written by a mother of three. Both books are full of essential information to keep you and your loved ones safe. The link below will help you find out more about how to get the all the protection from this disease that you will need!

My Website, Valuable Information!

Silas Davidson

Click on my lens to find out how to get the protection from Swine Flu you need!

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H1N1 SYMPTOMS

How to Prevent Swine Flu - Special Tips to Boost Your Immune System Now

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

By Celine Yong

To prevent swine flu, many people think that wearing face masks and popping vitamin supplements will boost their immunity against the disease. However, many experts believe that we need to do more to keep swine flu at bay.

Wearing a face mask only stops an infected person from coughing and sneezing on other people. It does not stop germs from invading our bodies. Taking vitamin supplements will not help if we do not adopt a healthy lifestyle.

We are especially vulnerable to swine flu at the moment as the vaccine is not yet available. The best way to cope with swine flu is to boost our immune system.

Experts recommend the following tips to boost our immune system:

1) Going On A Healthy Diet

Experts recommend eating a balanced diet, with at least five to seven servings of fresh fruit and vegetables. Your daily diet should also include good protein and essential fatty acids. Salmon and eggs are excellent choices.

2) Exercise Thirty Minutes Daily, Five Times A Week

Experts have found out that during moderate exercise, immune cells circulate through the body more quickly and are able to locate and kill bacteria and viruses more promptly. After exercise ends, the immune system returns to normal after a few hours. But when you exercise regularly, the positive immune response your body exhibits appears more long-lasting.

3) Take Adequate Vitamin A and Vitamin C

Vitamin A is required to maintain tissues lining our lungs and digestive system. Sweet potatoes and carrots are excellent sources of Vitamin A. Vitamin C is an antioxidant which prevents inflammation of our tissue lining. Oranges and grapefruit are high in Vitamin C.

4) Get Sufficient Sleep

Our bodies have a chance to rejuvenate and undergo cell renewal when we sleep. This ensures that our immunity system is functioning at an optimum level at all times. We should also sleep in well-ventilated rooms.

5) Quit Smoking

Smoking compromises the respiratory system, making it more susceptible to attacks by flu viruses and other bacteria. Incidentally, by maintaining a healthy diet, a smoker is likely to cut down on cigarettes as a healthy diet spoils his or her taste for cigarettes. It will make quitting smoking easier.

6) Cleanse Your Blood

Cleanse and support the blood with garlic, tomato, spinach and nettle tea. Improve blood circulation with frequent dry skin brushing. This helps to reduce cellulite in women too.

Do you want additional free tips on how to cope with the current swine flu pandemic? Click on swine flu information for more details and updates.

Celine Yong hails from sunny Singapore. She is passionate about health and fitness. Visit her health and fitness blog for free today at http://howtobefitandhealthy.com/ At her blog, you will be able to read and benefit from the tips she has compiled from numerous health and fitness experts from both East and West.

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H1N1 SYMPTOMS

Swine Flu (H1N1) Symptoms and How it Spreads

Swine Flu (H1N1) Symptoms and How it Spreads
By Nick Hampshire

Swine flu symptoms are similar to symptoms of other flu viruses. These include fever, cough, headaches, chills, body aches, a sore throat and fatigue. Vomiting and diarrhea have also been reported with this virus. It is important to remember that other conditions can cause these same symptoms. To determine for sure if you have swine flu versus another strain of flu or other condition, you will need to go to your doctor for a lab test. It is important to remember that flu is not a rare illness. According to estimates from the Centers for Disease Control, 5 to 20 percent of the U.S. population suffers from a case of the flu each year.

Flu is similar to a cold virus in that it is typically spread from one person to another when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can pass through an infected person's lungs, throat or nose, sending particles into the air that can pass to anyone that person comes in close contact with. Being out in a crowd increases your chances of being infected.

The other main way the virus spreads is from touching surfaces that are contaminated with the virus and then touching your eyes, mouth or nose. An individual infected with the virus can start transmitting it up to a day before the symptoms start, and up to a week after the symptoms become noticeable, according to the Centers for Disease Control. It is believed the new swine flu spreads in the same way as other types of flu.

Nick Hampshire is the founder of SwineFluDangers.com where you can learn more about Swine Flu Symptoms. Nick is dedicated to equipping people with the knowledge they need to fight swine flu and protect themselves and their families.

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Simptom-Simptom Influenza A H1N1 (H1N1 SYMPTOMS)

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

Simptom-Simptom Influenza A H1N1.

Sekiranya anda mengalami simptom-simptom seperti di bawah sila dapatkan rawatan dengan segera :

1. Sukar bernafas seperti sesak nafas, pernafasan menjadi laju atau bibir menjadi kebiru-biruan.
2. Batuk berdarah atau kahak bercampur darah.
3. Sakit dada berterusan.
4. Cirit dan muntah darah berterusan.
5. Demam yang berpanjangan melebihi tiga hari atau demam semula selepas tiga hari.
6. Perubahan tingkahlaku seperti merasa keliru, lambat memberi reaksi dan sawan.
7. Pening apabila berdiri dan atau kurang air kencing.

Sila dapatkan rawatan segera bagi mengelakkan kematian akibat H1N1.

H1N1 SYMPTOMS

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Radioactivity-Nuclear)

RADIOACTIVITY-NUCLEAR
By Chuck Clayton

The scientific method is arguably one of the most powerful, if not the most powerful methodology in critical thinking for discovering how things work. For centuries, scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and others have used this method to advance the human knowledge base.

The scientific method uses hypothesis, prediction, controlled experiment, observation, and potential conclusions (possible solutions). With this method scientists are able to discover many things.

For example, Marie Curie helped pioneer the discovery of radioactivity (the detection of radium is considered as the second most important chemical element-oxygen being first). Curie also helped provide the groundwork for nuclear medicine and the discovery of the structure of the atom.

Another example of using scientific method comes from work done in the jungle. Jane Goodall is an English behaviorist who worked with and learned about chimpanzees (Homo sapiens' closest relatives) at the Gombe Stream Reserve in Tanzania Africa. Her discoveries were revolutionary.

She was able to show that chimpanzees hunt, approximate language and engage in warfare. Goodall also discovered that chimpanzees make and use tools. Previously, tool making was thought to be a human defining characteristic.#1

Scientists learn from the experiences of those before them. If a new hypothesis (theory) is found to be more accurate than a previous theory, then that new theory becomes the accepted norm.

The scientist who came up with the previous theory isn't thought of less. He or she is thought of as having helped other scientists to learn better explanations to the way our world and the people in it operate.

To the true scientist the ultimate goal is to eliminate ego, politics and pride in order to discover the ultimate truths of the universe.

For example, Sir Isaac Newton's explanation of the effects of gravity was accepted as truth until Albert Einstein improved upon Newton's theory and also explained why gravity works the way it does. Einstein's theory of gravity is still the accepted theory for large objects. Einstein used Newton's ground work as his starting point.

Einstein continued his work in physics making major discoveries in relativity, gravity, space, time, matter and energy. For the final decades of his life, Einstein worked on a unified field theory to explain and relate the physical world of the very large and of the very small (quantum mechanics).

He never discovered a satisfactory answer to a theory how everything behaves in the physical universe. Eventually someone may. When (if) someone does, that person (or people) will get the credit. However, Einstein did significant groundwork towards that goal.

"Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world."~ Albert Einstein

#1 Curie and Jane Goodall, LHJ 100 Most Important Women of the Century 1999

Chuck Clayton's teaches problem solving, critical thinking and decision making. Please see: http://www.problem-solving-techniques.com/

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RADIOACTIVITY-NUCLEAR

UNDERSTANDING THE USES OF RADIOISOTOPES(Radioactivity-Nuclear)

Radioactivity-Nuclear

Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes which decay and give out radioactive emissions. Sodium-22, Cobalt-60 and Carbon-14 are example of radioisotopes.
Radioisotopes have a wide range of applications including medicine, agriculture, archaeology and industry.

Medicine

Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radiation to provide information about the function of the specific organs of a patient or to treat disease. A radioisotope is taken in by the patient through the digestive system, by inhalation or through the blood vessels by injection. The radiation emitted enables organs such as the thyroid, bones, heart or liver to be easily imaged by imaging equipment. Disorders in their function can then be detected.

Radioactive nuclei are used to detect tumors and others diseases in the organs. Organs containing tumors usually absorbed more substances than normal tissues. A small amount of a suitable substance, combined with a radioactive source, is injected into the blood, which carries it into the organ. A diagnosis is made by comparing the radiations emitted from the diseased organ with that emitted from a healthy organ. The radioactive nuclei used for diagnosis should have a short half life such as several hours or days. If the sources only emit gamma radiations, the nuclei are highly desirable because they cause relatively less damage to the body tissues due to the weak ionizing power of the radiations.

Agriculture

Radioisotopes have many uses in the field of agriculture. By measuring the radioactivity of the stem and leaves, scientists can find out how much fertilizer has been absorbed by the plant. Radioisotopes such as nitrogen-15 and phoporus-32 can be used as tracers in the study of effectiveness of fertilizers. These radioisotopes are added to soil water. After the plant absorbs the soil water, the radioisotopes can track uptake of fertilizer from roots to leaves in a plant.

Radioactive radiation is also used to induce genetic mutation in a plant in order to produce a better strain which has a higher resistance against diseases.

Radioisotopes are also used to kill pests and parasites and to control the ripening of fruits. Pests can be killed using radioactive rays especially gamma rays. The population of pests can also be controlled by exposing them to a low dosage of gamma rays. These rays induce mutation in the pests which stops them from reproducing.

Archaeology

In the field of archeology, it is important to be able to determine the age of artifacts. The amount of carbon-14 left in a decayed plant or animal can be used to tell its age. One of the most important uses of radioisotopes in archaeology is carbon-14 dating. Carbon-14 is a radioisotope with a half-life of 5730 years and decays by emitting a- particles.

How to Measuring Geological Time

"During the formation of rocks, some radioisotopes such as uranium-238 are trapped. As the decay continues, the proportion of uranium-238 decreases slowly resulting in the equally slow growth of its product, lead-206. An estimate of the age of the rock can be inferred from the relative proportions of lead and uranium in the rock."

Industries

Industries have found many uses for radioisotopes. Gamma-rays can be used to penetrate deep into welding to detect faults. Water can be made radioactive by dissolving some radioactive salt which contains sodium-24. The β-particles emitted are detected by a GM tube. The α-particles from polonium-2l0 are used to neutralize static charge in photographic plates and other materials.

Radioactivity-Nuclear

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